By James F. Greenleaf Ph.D, Chandra M. Sehgal Ph.D. (auth.)
Biologic method assessment with Ultrasound is a reference publication for engineers within the box of ultrasonics and is meant to notify these unexpected with present tools of ultrasonic research. Explaining the mathematical and actual ideas of ultrasound imaging of residing tissue with potent precision, the e-book encompasses the subsequent issues: relationships among the organic and scattering hierarchies; photograph description of scattering; category 1,2,3,4 scattering and their organization with the organic hierarchy; tools used for biologic approach assessment; computed tomographic equipment of imaging. The authors have supplied an efficient clarification of the ultrasound scattering of photograph and picture acquisition that may gain engineers, physicists, and radiologists alike.
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Extra info for Biologic System Evaluation with Ultrasound
Sample text
10. 2 10. 3 FREQUENCY (MHz) C 08 eNS TISSUES II) ~ 155DL-------'-----'--------' I 2 3 5 it ..... e ..... L 5 MHz 'too 250. 26 MHz 10 MHz _.. 4 \ ; . '"~ 1:1 .... '" " - - - 0 . 2 MHz D~~~~~~~~~- 0. 20 40. T(·C) 60. 0. )( 50. OMHZ ISO. 30 MHz II) 80. -< 60 MHz DL-~~---~- 10. 1. (A) Absorption per wavelength of ultrasound in soft tissues. The dashed lines are the extrapolated estimates. (From [2]) (B) Speed of sound propagation in fresh and fixed tissues from normal adult brain. (Reprinted with permission from Acoustical Society of America [3]) (C) Temperature dependence of ultrasonic absorption in mammalian central nervous tissue at different frequencies of insonation.
Therefore, it is clear that use of anyone variable alone to determine tissue composition could be misleading. However, when Eqs. 43) are used together and solved as simultaneous equations, one can determine gross composition of tissues. A comparison of the values predicted by Eqs. 15. There is good agreement between the two sets as is illustrated by unit slope and zero intercept. The analysis proposed by Apfel [33] involves solving mixture laws of density, compressibility, and BfA as simultaneous equations with the aid of a Lagrange multiplier.
They show a decrease in speed with temperature as opposed to an increase observed in normal livers. The values of BfA for normal livers are about 30% higher than that of water. The samples of cirrhotic and tumorous livers (high water content) show I. F. Greenleaf and C. M. Sehgal 56 lower values than the normal COtlllterparts. However, fatty tissues exhibit a significantly higher value of nonlinearity. , one can arrive at mixture laws for acoustic parameters. Two approaches, one based on linear addition of compressibility of the constituents [33] and the other based on linear addition of pulse travel time through the components [34], have been proposed.